Nothing is more annoying than getting your Internet connection shut down, due to weather, or perhaps forgetting to pay your bill. Let’s take a look at some ways you can be productive and entertained without the Internet.

While a lot of people rely on the Internet daily for their work, like we do here at How-to Geek…if you lose your connection for a while, you’ll still have ways to finish work, listen to music, watch movies, and play PC games. The things you won’t have access to is your email, IM, Social Networking sites, online documents, and browsing in general. Here we’ve put together a list of suggestions of what you can do while your Internet connection is down.

Perform PC Maintenance Tasks

Since the Internet provides so many distractions, you might have neglected system maintenance and file organization for a while. Go through and uninstall programs you no longer use or need. One of the best ways to clean up old programs and leftover items is with Revo Uninstaller Pro or Revo Uninstaller Free edition. Hopefully it is already installed on your hard drive or thumb drive.

If you don’t have it installed you can certainly still use the Programs and Features option in Control Panel in Vista and Windows 7 (Add or Remove Programs in XP) to remove them. But this will leave a lot of leftover folders and registry settings, especially if you’re trying to completely remove iTunes and everything associated with it.

Other maintenance tasks you might want to catch up on is making room on your hard drive by doing a Disk Cleanup. Before doing the disk cleanup, save any work you have open and close out of all programs. Then click on Start and type %temp% into the Search Box or Run line in XP and hit Enter.

 

Then hit Ctrl+A to select all of the files then hit Delete. This will clear out the Temp folder, which Disk Cleanup often misses.

After that empty the Recycle Bin and run Disk Cleanup.

You can also run a computer cleanup utility such as CCleaner…either the full installed version or the portable version.

If you decide to clean up the Registry, scan for issues, then click Fix Selected Issues. CCleaner allows you to backup the Registry before fixing the issues it found, which you definitely want to do in case something doesn’t work and you need to restore it.

If you don’t have Windows set to automatically defrag the hard drive, this might be a good time to run the process or set it up on a schedule. In Windows 7 type disk defrag into the Search box in the Start Menu and hit Enter.

Now you can Turn on a schedule, analyze the amount of fragmentation, and kick off the defrag process.

Here is an example of setting up a schedule for for the Disk Defragmenter. For more on using Disk Defrag check our article on how to configure disk defragmenter in Vista or Windows 7.

If you don’t want to use the built in defrag utility, there are other 3rd party apps that run more quickly like Auslogics Defrag or Defraggler.

Clean Out the Physical Desktop and Laptop Hardware

Over time your desktop collects dust and it’s important to blow out the case periodically. Get some Canned Air, and clean out all the dust bunnies in the machine. Also, this is a good time to reseat the systems RAM, check cable connections, Video & sound Card…etc.

Photo by: pointytilly

Another thing you might want to do is clean your keyboard and mouse. If you haven’t done it recently, you’ll be surprised how much dust, crumbs of food, or perhaps cat hair that is lodged between the keys. Again you can use Canned Air for this, or if you want to be very thorough, take out each key and get all the junk out of there.

Speaking of cats, if you are tired of seeing your computer running when it should be asleep because your cat has an attraction to the keyboard, check out our article on how to stop the mouse or keyboard from waking your computer from Sleep Mode.

Photo by:  –Amelie-

Productivity

Even with your Internet being down you can still be productive. Here are a few suggestions on ways to still be productive with no Internet. Provided you have local copies of Office Documents, you can certainly still work on them. Maybe you have a PowerPoint, Word Document, or Excel Spreadsheet to work on or review.

Organize your To Do Lists and Notes

You can use this time to organize your notes and To Do list without any distractions. Since Evernote and OneNote keep your notes synced between your machine and “The Cloud” hopefully you’ll have what you need to work on.

Update your To Do List…a nice free app for this that we’ve previously covered is Doomi. It’s light on system resources and is easy to work with from your desktop.

Use the Time to Brainstorm

While you have some downtime from the web, you can use the time to brainstorm ideas for work projects, your website, or other collaborations you’re working on. You can use simple apps like Notepad, Word, or more complex apps like Action Outline.

Clean Up Your Inbox

While you won’t be able to send or Receive any emails, you can take the time to clean it up if your using an email client such as Outlook or Thunderbird. Go through and delete unneeded messages, clean out your Deleted Items, and run Auto Archive. This will help you to get better organized when you connection comes back.

You can also take the time to help speed up Outlook following suggestions in The Geek’s guide on how to make Outlook faster by disabling unnecessary addins.

Get to Know Portable Apps

If you have a thumb drive with PortableApps or Lupo PenSuite, it would be a good time to explore the apps and find ways to use them to make you more productive while on the go.

Entertainment

While your Internet is down you can also find ways to be entertained while waiting to get it back. You can watch or listen to whatever is currently on your hard drive like Podcasts, Movies, Music, eBooks…etc.

You can take this time to organize your local photo collection with tools like Picassa or Windows Live Photo Gallery.

If you subscribe to Podcasts, chances are there are a few that have been downloaded prior to your Internet connection going down. Use this as an opportunity to get caught up on them.

If you have a TV Tuner card or HTPC setup you can still watch Over the Air broadcasting, or your cable channels (provided the cable isn’t down as well). But you should still be able to get Over the Air channels at least by hooking up an HD Antenna.

Of course you can still watch movies and other videos you have ripped or downloaded to your hard drive. Or you can do it the old fashioned way and just pop in a DVD.

PC Video Games

A lot of PC games require you to be online for multiplayer action, but a lot also include a single player mode that doesn’t require you to be online. Go through and have fun with the story line of single player mode.

Or go back and relive the enjoyment you experienced with older games.

eBooks

If you have Kindle for PC or Barnes & Noble’s Nook for PC you might want to take the time to get caught up on your reading lists.

Take the time to organize your music collection in WMP or whatever your favorite desktop music player is. Remove DRM, convert music file formats, and find duplicates in your collection using TuneClone, Audio Dedupe, or AudialsOne.

Go to a Public Wi-Fi Hotspot

If you just can’t stay away from being online to complete work, check out Facebook, or find the latest Lady Gaga videos, you might want to bring your Laptop, Netbook, iOS, or Android device to a location with Public Wi-Fi. If you do, make sure to follow our guide on staying safe while on a Public Wi-Fi Network.

Photo by: Nebraska Library Commission

Take Time Away from Your PC

As geeks, most of us spend far too much time on the computer anyway, so take a break from it! Get outside and go for a walk, read a book, hit the treadmill, work on neglected house chores. Sometimes it’s nice to get away from anything to do with technology for a while to clear our heads.

There’s actually a real world out there to be explored. You can use Internet downtime to use your geek skills to get out and meet new people. 

Photo by: Andrea Rose Marie

These are just a few suggestions on how you can still use your PC even when your Internet connection goes down for a prolonged period of time. Or use it as an opportunity to get outside and meet people. Most of us don’t know how we got by without the Internet, but when the unthinkable happens, you can still use your PC for productivity and entertainment. What about you guys? What things do you do with your PC when your Internet connection is down? Leave us a comment and let us know!

Nothing is more annoying than getting your Internet connection shut down, due to weather, or perhaps forgetting to pay your bill. Let’s take a look at some ways you can be productive and entertained without the Internet.

While a lot of people rely on the Internet daily for their work, like we do here at How-to Geek…if you lose your connection for a while, you’ll still have ways to finish work, listen to music, watch movies, and play PC games. The things you won’t have access to is your email, IM, Social Networking sites, online documents, and browsing in general. Here we’ve put together a list of suggestions of what you can do while your Internet connection is down.

Perform PC Maintenance Tasks

Since the Internet provides so many distractions, you might have neglected system maintenance and file organization for a while. Go through and uninstall programs you no longer use or need. One of the best ways to clean up old programs and leftover items is with Revo Uninstaller Pro or Revo Uninstaller Free edition. Hopefully it is already installed on your hard drive or thumb drive.

If you don’t have it installed you can certainly still use the Programs and Features option in Control Panel in Vista and Windows 7 (Add or Remove Programs in XP) to remove them. But this will leave a lot of leftover folders and registry settings, especially if you’re trying to completely remove iTunes and everything associated with it.

Other maintenance tasks you might want to catch up on is making room on your hard drive by doing a Disk Cleanup. Before doing the disk cleanup, save any work you have open and close out of all programs. Then click on Start and type %temp% into the Search Box or Run line in XP and hit Enter.

 

Then hit Ctrl+A to select all of the files then hit Delete. This will clear out the Temp folder, which Disk Cleanup often misses.

After that empty the Recycle Bin and run Disk Cleanup.

You can also run a computer cleanup utility such as CCleaner…either the full installed version or the portable version.

If you decide to clean up the Registry, scan for issues, then click Fix Selected Issues. CCleaner allows you to backup the Registry before fixing the issues it found, which you definitely want to do in case something doesn’t work and you need to restore it.

If you don’t have Windows set to automatically defrag the hard drive, this might be a good time to run the process or set it up on a schedule. In Windows 7 type disk defrag into the Search box in the Start Menu and hit Enter.

Now you can Turn on a schedule, analyze the amount of fragmentation, and kick off the defrag process.

Here is an example of setting up a schedule for for the Disk Defragmenter. For more on using Disk Defrag check our article on how to configure disk defragmenter in Vista or Windows 7.

If you don’t want to use the built in defrag utility, there are other 3rd party apps that run more quickly like Auslogics Defrag or Defraggler.

Clean Out the Physical Desktop and Laptop Hardware

Over time your desktop collects dust and it’s important to blow out the case periodically. Get some Canned Air, and clean out all the dust bunnies in the machine. Also, this is a good time to reseat the systems RAM, check cable connections, Video & sound Card…etc.

Photo by: pointytilly

Another thing you might want to do is clean your keyboard and mouse. If you haven’t done it recently, you’ll be surprised how much dust, crumbs of food, or perhaps cat hair that is lodged between the keys. Again you can use Canned Air for this, or if you want to be very thorough, take out each key and get all the junk out of there.

Speaking of cats, if you are tired of seeing your computer running when it should be asleep because your cat has an attraction to the keyboard, check out our article on how to stop the mouse or keyboard from waking your computer from Sleep Mode.

Photo by:  –Amelie-

Productivity

Even with your Internet being down you can still be productive. Here are a few suggestions on ways to still be productive with no Internet. Provided you have local copies of Office Documents, you can certainly still work on them. Maybe you have a PowerPoint, Word Document, or Excel Spreadsheet to work on or review.

Organize your To Do Lists and Notes

You can use this time to organize your notes and To Do list without any distractions. Since Evernote and OneNote keep your notes synced between your machine and “The Cloud” hopefully you’ll have what you need to work on.

Update your To Do List…a nice free app for this that we’ve previously covered is Doomi. It’s light on system resources and is easy to work with from your desktop.

Use the Time to Brainstorm

While you have some downtime from the web, you can use the time to brainstorm ideas for work projects, your website, or other collaborations you’re working on. You can use simple apps like Notepad, Word, or more complex apps like Action Outline.

Clean Up Your Inbox

While you won’t be able to send or Receive any emails, you can take the time to clean it up if your using an email client such as Outlook or Thunderbird. Go through and delete unneeded messages, clean out your Deleted Items, and run Auto Archive. This will help you to get better organized when you connection comes back.

You can also take the time to help speed up Outlook following suggestions in The Geek’s guide on how to make Outlook faster by disabling unnecessary addins.

Get to Know Portable Apps

If you have a thumb drive with PortableApps or Lupo PenSuite, it would be a good time to explore the apps and find ways to use them to make you more productive while on the go.

Entertainment

While your Internet is down you can also find ways to be entertained while waiting to get it back. You can watch or listen to whatever is currently on your hard drive like Podcasts, Movies, Music, eBooks…etc.

You can take this time to organize your local photo collection with tools like Picassa or Windows Live Photo Gallery.

If you subscribe to Podcasts, chances are there are a few that have been downloaded prior to your Internet connection going down. Use this as an opportunity to get caught up on them.

If you have a TV Tuner card or HTPC setup you can still watch Over the Air broadcasting, or your cable channels (provided the cable isn’t down as well). But you should still be able to get Over the Air channels at least by hooking up an HD Antenna.

Of course you can still watch movies and other videos you have ripped or downloaded to your hard drive. Or you can do it the old fashioned way and just pop in a DVD.

PC Video Games

A lot of PC games require you to be online for multiplayer action, but a lot also include a single player mode that doesn’t require you to be online. Go through and have fun with the story line of single player mode.

Or go back and relive the enjoyment you experienced with older games.

eBooks

If you have Kindle for PC or Barnes & Noble’s Nook for PC you might want to take the time to get caught up on your reading lists.

Take the time to organize your music collection in WMP or whatever your favorite desktop music player is. Remove DRM, convert music file formats, and find duplicates in your collection using TuneClone, Audio Dedupe, or AudialsOne.

Go to a Public Wi-Fi Hotspot

If you just can’t stay away from being online to complete work, check out Facebook, or find the latest Lady Gaga videos, you might want to bring your Laptop, Netbook, iOS, or Android device to a location with Public Wi-Fi. If you do, make sure to follow our guide on staying safe while on a Public Wi-Fi Network.

Photo by: Nebraska Library Commission

Take Time Away from Your PC

As geeks, most of us spend far too much time on the computer anyway, so take a break from it! Get outside and go for a walk, read a book, hit the treadmill, work on neglected house chores. Sometimes it’s nice to get away from anything to do with technology for a while to clear our heads.

There’s actually a real world out there to be explored. You can use Internet downtime to use your geek skills to get out and meet new people. 

Photo by: Andrea Rose Marie

These are just a few suggestions on how you can still use your PC even when your Internet connection goes down for a prolonged period of time. Or use it as an opportunity to get outside and meet people. Most of us don’t know how we got by without the Internet, but when the unthinkable happens, you can still use your PC for productivity and entertainment. What about you guys? What things do you do with your PC when your Internet connection is down? Leave us a comment and let us know!

Jun 14 2010

Below is a complete listing of the 195 official independent countries of the world and their capital cities. Please see my article about the Number of Countries in the World for more information on the number 195.

There are a significant number of countries that have multiple capital cities. Where that occurs, the additional capital cities are listed as well. (Note that the word “capitol” refers to the building and not to the city).

My World Atlas provides maps and geographic information about every country and many non-countries on the planet. Follow the linked country name for maps and geographical information about each of the 195 countries in the world.

The countries of the world and capitals of every country follow:

Afghanistan – Kabul
Albania – Tirane
Algeria – Algiers
Andorra – Andorra la Vella
Angola – Luanda
Antigua and Barbuda – Saint John’s
Argentina – Buenos Aires
Armenia – Yerevan
Australia – Canberra
Austria – Vienna
Azerbaijan – Baku
The Bahamas – Nassau
Bahrain – Manama
Bangladesh – Dhaka
Barbados – Bridgetown
Belarus – Minsk
Belgium – Brussels
Belize – Belmopan
Benin – Porto-Novo
Bhutan – Thimphu
Bolivia – La Paz (administrative); Sucre (judicial)
Bosnia and Herzegovina – Sarajevo
Botswana – Gaborone
Brazil – Brasilia
Brunei – Bandar Seri Begawan
Bulgaria – Sofia
Burkina Faso – Ouagadougou
Burundi – Bujumbura
Cambodia – Phnom Penh
Cameroon – Yaounde
Canada – Ottawa
Cape Verde – Praia
Central African Republic – Bangui
Chad – N’Djamena
Chile – Santiago
China – Beijing
Colombia – Bogota
Comoros – Moroni
Congo, Republic of the – Brazzaville
Congo, Democratic Republic of the – Kinshasa
Costa Rica – San Jose
Cote d’Ivoire – Yamoussoukro (official); Abidjan (de facto)
Croatia – Zagreb
Cuba – Havana
Cyprus – Nicosia
Czech Republic – Prague
Denmark – Copenhagen
Djibouti – Djibouti
Dominica – Roseau
Dominican Republic – Santo Domingo
East Timor (Timor-Leste) – Dili
Ecuador – Quito
Egypt – Cairo
El Salvador – San Salvador
Equatorial Guinea – Malabo
Eritrea – Asmara
Estonia – Tallinn
Ethiopia – Addis Ababa
Fiji – Suva
Finland – Helsinki
France – Paris
Gabon – Libreville
The Gambia – Banjul
Georgia – Tbilisi
Germany – Berlin
Ghana – Accra
Greece – Athens
Grenada – Saint George’s
Guatemala – Guatemala City
Guinea – Conakry
Guinea-Bissau – Bissau
Guyana – Georgetown
Haiti – Port-au-Prince
Honduras – Tegucigalpa
Hungary – Budapest
Iceland – Reykjavik
India – New Delhi
Indonesia – Jakarta
Iran – Tehran
Iraq – Baghdad
Ireland – Dublin
Israel – Jerusalem*
Italy – Rome
Jamaica – Kingston
Japan – Tokyo
Jordan – Amman
Kazakhstan – Astana
Kenya – Nairobi
Kiribati – Tarawa Atoll
Korea, North – Pyongyang
Korea, South – Seoul
Kosovo – Pristina
Kuwait – Kuwait City
Kyrgyzstan – Bishkek
Laos – Vientiane
Latvia – Riga
Lebanon – Beirut
Lesotho – Maseru
Liberia – Monrovia
Libya – Tripoli
Liechtenstein – Vaduz
Lithuania – Vilnius
Luxembourg – Luxembourg
Macedonia – Skopje
Madagascar – Antananarivo
Malawi – Lilongwe
Malaysia – Kuala Lumpur
Maldives – Male
Mali – Bamako
Malta – Valletta
Marshall Islands – Majuro
Mauritania – Nouakchott
Mauritius – Port Louis
Mexico – Mexico City
Micronesia, Federated States of – Palikir
Moldova – Chisinau
Monaco – Monaco
Mongolia – Ulaanbaatar
Montenegro – Podgorica
Morocco – Rabat
Mozambique – Maputo
Myanmar (Burma) – Rangoon (Yangon); Naypyidaw or Nay Pyi Taw (administrative)
Namibia – Windhoek
Nauru – no official capital; government offices in Yaren District
Nepal – Kathmandu
Netherlands – Amsterdam; The Hague (seat of government)
New Zealand – Wellington
Nicaragua – Managua
Niger – Niamey
Nigeria – Abuja
Norway – Oslo
Oman – Muscat
Pakistan – Islamabad
Palau – Melekeok
Panama – Panama City
Papua New Guinea – Port Moresby
Paraguay – Asuncion
Peru – Lima
Philippines – Manila
Poland – Warsaw
Portugal – Lisbon
Qatar - Doha
Romania – Bucharest
Russia – Moscow
Rwanda – Kigali
Saint Kitts and Nevis – Basseterre
Saint Lucia – Castries
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines – Kingstown
Samoa – Apia
San Marino – San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe – Sao Tome
Saudi Arabia – Riyadh
Senegal – Dakar
Serbia – Belgrade
Seychelles – Victoria
Sierra Leone – Freetown
Singapore – Singapore
Slovakia – Bratislava
Slovenia – Ljubljana
Solomon Islands – Honiara
Somalia – Mogadishu
South Africa – Pretoria (administrative); Cape Town (legislative); Bloemfontein (judiciary)
Spain – Madrid
Sri Lanka – Colombo; Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative)
Sudan – Khartoum
Suriname – Paramaribo
Swaziland – Mbabane
Sweden – Stockholm
Switzerland – Bern
Syria – Damascus
Taiwan – Taipei
Tajikistan – Dushanbe
Tanzania – Dar es Salaam; Dodoma (legislative)
Thailand – Bangkok
Togo – Lome
Tonga – Nuku’alofa
Trinidad and Tobago – Port-of-Spain
Tunisia – Tunis
Turkey – Ankara
Turkmenistan – Ashgabat
Tuvalu – Vaiaku village, Funafuti province
Uganda – Kampala
Ukraine – Kyiv
United Arab Emirates – Abu Dhabi
United Kingdom – London
United States of America – Washington D.C.
Uruguay – Montevideo
Uzbekistan - Tashkent
Vanuatu – Port-Vila
Vatican City (Holy See) – Vatican City
Venezuela – Caracas
Vietnam – Hanoi
Yemen – Sanaa
Zambia – Lusaka
Zimbabwe – Harare

While the listing above is an authoritative listing of the independent countries of the world, it is important to note that there are also more than sixty Territories, Colonies, and Dependencies of independent countries.

* The executive, judicial, and legislative branches of the State of Israel are all located Jerusalem so Jerusalem is the capital of Israel. Nonetheless, all countries maintain their embassies in Tel Aviv.

Jun 14 2010

Below is a complete listing of the 195 official independent countries of the world and their capital cities. Please see my article about the Number of Countries in the World for more information on the number 195.

There are a significant number of countries that have multiple capital cities. Where that occurs, the additional capital cities are listed as well. (Note that the word “capitol” refers to the building and not to the city).

My World Atlas provides maps and geographic information about every country and many non-countries on the planet. Follow the linked country name for maps and geographical information about each of the 195 countries in the world.

The countries of the world and capitals of every country follow:

Afghanistan – Kabul
Albania – Tirane
Algeria – Algiers
Andorra – Andorra la Vella
Angola – Luanda
Antigua and Barbuda – Saint John’s
Argentina – Buenos Aires
Armenia – Yerevan
Australia – Canberra
Austria – Vienna
Azerbaijan – Baku
The Bahamas – Nassau
Bahrain – Manama
Bangladesh – Dhaka
Barbados – Bridgetown
Belarus – Minsk
Belgium – Brussels
Belize – Belmopan
Benin – Porto-Novo
Bhutan – Thimphu
Bolivia – La Paz (administrative); Sucre (judicial)
Bosnia and Herzegovina – Sarajevo
Botswana – Gaborone
Brazil – Brasilia
Brunei – Bandar Seri Begawan
Bulgaria – Sofia
Burkina Faso – Ouagadougou
Burundi – Bujumbura
Cambodia – Phnom Penh
Cameroon – Yaounde
Canada – Ottawa
Cape Verde – Praia
Central African Republic – Bangui
Chad – N’Djamena
Chile – Santiago
China – Beijing
Colombia – Bogota
Comoros – Moroni
Congo, Republic of the – Brazzaville
Congo, Democratic Republic of the – Kinshasa
Costa Rica – San Jose
Cote d’Ivoire – Yamoussoukro (official); Abidjan (de facto)
Croatia – Zagreb
Cuba – Havana
Cyprus – Nicosia
Czech Republic – Prague
Denmark – Copenhagen
Djibouti – Djibouti
Dominica – Roseau
Dominican Republic – Santo Domingo
East Timor (Timor-Leste) – Dili
Ecuador – Quito
Egypt – Cairo
El Salvador – San Salvador
Equatorial Guinea – Malabo
Eritrea – Asmara
Estonia – Tallinn
Ethiopia – Addis Ababa
Fiji – Suva
Finland – Helsinki
France – Paris
Gabon – Libreville
The Gambia – Banjul
Georgia – Tbilisi
Germany – Berlin
Ghana – Accra
Greece – Athens
Grenada – Saint George’s
Guatemala – Guatemala City
Guinea – Conakry
Guinea-Bissau – Bissau
Guyana – Georgetown
Haiti – Port-au-Prince
Honduras – Tegucigalpa
Hungary – Budapest
Iceland – Reykjavik
India – New Delhi
Indonesia – Jakarta
Iran – Tehran
Iraq – Baghdad
Ireland – Dublin
Israel – Jerusalem*
Italy – Rome
Jamaica – Kingston
Japan – Tokyo
Jordan – Amman
Kazakhstan – Astana
Kenya – Nairobi
Kiribati – Tarawa Atoll
Korea, North – Pyongyang
Korea, South – Seoul
Kosovo – Pristina
Kuwait – Kuwait City
Kyrgyzstan – Bishkek
Laos – Vientiane
Latvia – Riga
Lebanon – Beirut
Lesotho – Maseru
Liberia – Monrovia
Libya – Tripoli
Liechtenstein – Vaduz
Lithuania – Vilnius
Luxembourg – Luxembourg
Macedonia – Skopje
Madagascar – Antananarivo
Malawi – Lilongwe
Malaysia – Kuala Lumpur
Maldives – Male
Mali – Bamako
Malta – Valletta
Marshall Islands – Majuro
Mauritania – Nouakchott
Mauritius – Port Louis
Mexico – Mexico City
Micronesia, Federated States of – Palikir
Moldova – Chisinau
Monaco – Monaco
Mongolia – Ulaanbaatar
Montenegro – Podgorica
Morocco – Rabat
Mozambique – Maputo
Myanmar (Burma) – Rangoon (Yangon); Naypyidaw or Nay Pyi Taw (administrative)
Namibia – Windhoek
Nauru – no official capital; government offices in Yaren District
Nepal – Kathmandu
Netherlands – Amsterdam; The Hague (seat of government)
New Zealand – Wellington
Nicaragua – Managua
Niger – Niamey
Nigeria – Abuja
Norway – Oslo
Oman – Muscat
Pakistan – Islamabad
Palau – Melekeok
Panama – Panama City
Papua New Guinea – Port Moresby
Paraguay – Asuncion
Peru – Lima
Philippines – Manila
Poland – Warsaw
Portugal – Lisbon
Qatar - Doha
Romania – Bucharest
Russia – Moscow
Rwanda – Kigali
Saint Kitts and Nevis – Basseterre
Saint Lucia – Castries
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines – Kingstown
Samoa – Apia
San Marino – San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe – Sao Tome
Saudi Arabia – Riyadh
Senegal – Dakar
Serbia – Belgrade
Seychelles – Victoria
Sierra Leone – Freetown
Singapore – Singapore
Slovakia – Bratislava
Slovenia – Ljubljana
Solomon Islands – Honiara
Somalia – Mogadishu
South Africa – Pretoria (administrative); Cape Town (legislative); Bloemfontein (judiciary)
Spain – Madrid
Sri Lanka – Colombo; Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative)
Sudan – Khartoum
Suriname – Paramaribo
Swaziland – Mbabane
Sweden – Stockholm
Switzerland – Bern
Syria – Damascus
Taiwan – Taipei
Tajikistan – Dushanbe
Tanzania – Dar es Salaam; Dodoma (legislative)
Thailand – Bangkok
Togo – Lome
Tonga – Nuku’alofa
Trinidad and Tobago – Port-of-Spain
Tunisia – Tunis
Turkey – Ankara
Turkmenistan – Ashgabat
Tuvalu – Vaiaku village, Funafuti province
Uganda – Kampala
Ukraine – Kyiv
United Arab Emirates – Abu Dhabi
United Kingdom – London
United States of America – Washington D.C.
Uruguay – Montevideo
Uzbekistan - Tashkent
Vanuatu – Port-Vila
Vatican City (Holy See) – Vatican City
Venezuela – Caracas
Vietnam – Hanoi
Yemen – Sanaa
Zambia – Lusaka
Zimbabwe – Harare

While the listing above is an authoritative listing of the independent countries of the world, it is important to note that there are also more than sixty Territories, Colonies, and Dependencies of independent countries.

* The executive, judicial, and legislative branches of the State of Israel are all located Jerusalem so Jerusalem is the capital of Israel. Nonetheless, all countries maintain their embassies in Tel Aviv.